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Appendices

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Appendix 1: Tables Supporting Graphs

(i)Table Supporting Figure 3.1 Countries covered in this study.

Country Any functional difficulty questions
Afghanistan 1
Albania 1
Algeria 1
Andorra 2
Angola 0
Antigua and Barbuda 1
Argentina 1
Armenia 0
Australia 1
Austria 0
Azerbaijan 0
Bahamas 0
Bahrain 0
Bangladesh 1
Barbados 0
Belarus 1
Belgium 1
Belize 1
Benin 1
Bhutan 1
Bolivia 1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1
Botswana 0
Brazil 1
Brunei Darussalem 0
Bulgaria 0
Burkina Faso 0
Burundi 0
Cabo Verde 2
Cambodia 1
Cameroon 0
Canada 1
Central African Rep. 1
Chad 1
Chile 1
China 1
Colombia 1
Comoros 0
Congo, Dem. Rep. 1
Congo, Rep. 0
Costa Rica 1
Côte d’Ivoire 0
Croatia 0
Cuba 1
Cyprus 1
Czech Rep. 1
Denmark 0
Djibouti 1
Dominica 0
Dominican Rep. 1
Ecuador 0
Egypt, Arab Rep. 0
El Salvador 0
Equatorial Guinea 0
Eritrea 2
Estonia 1
Eswatini 0
Ethiopia 1
Fiji 1
Finland 1
France 1
Gabon 0
Gambia, The 1
Georgia 1
Germany 0
Ghana 1
Greece 1
Grenada 0
Guatemala 1
Guinea 0
Guinea-Bissau 1
Guyana 0
Haiti 1
Honduras 1
Hungary 0
Iceland 2
India 0
Indonesia 1
Iran 0
Iraq 1
Ireland 1
Israel 1
Italy 1
Jamaica 1
Japan 0
Jordan 1
Kazakhstan 0
Kenya 0
Kiribati 1
Korea, Dem. Rep. 2
Korea, Rep. 0
Kosovo 1
Kuwait 0
Kyrgyz Rep. 1
Laos 0
Latvia 1
Lebanon 1
Lesotho 1
Liberia 1
Libya 0
Liechtenstein 2
Lithuania 0
Luxembourg 1
Madagascar 1
Malawi 1
Malaysia 0
Maldives 1
Mali 1
Malta 1
Marshall Islands 1
Mauritania 0
Mauritius 1
Mexico 1
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1
Moldova 1
Mongolia 1
Monaco 2
Montenegro 1
Morocco 1
Mozambique 0
Myanmar 1
Namibia 1
Nauru 1
Nepal 1
Netherlands 0
New Zealand 1
Nicaragua 0
Niger 0
Nigeria 1
Niue 0
North Macedonia 1
Norway 2
Oman 0
Pakistan 1
Palau 1
Panama 1
Papua New Guinea 1
Paraguay 0
Peru 1
Philippines 1
Poland 0
Portugal 2
Qatar 1
Romania 0
Russian Federation 0
Rwanda 1
Samoa 1
San Marino 2
São Tomé and Principe 1
Saudi Arabia 2
Senegal 1
Serbia 1
Seychelles 0
Sierra Leone 1
Singapore 0
Slovak Rep. 0
Slovenia 1
Solomon Islands 1
Somalia 2
South Africa 1
South Sudan 0
Spain 0
Sri Lanka 1
St. Kitts and Nevis 0
St. Lucia 0
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2
Sudan 0
Suriname 1
Sweden 0
Switzerland 0
Syria 0
Taiwan 0
Tajikistan 1
Tanzania 1
Thailand 1
Timor Leste 1
Togo 1
Tonga 1
Trinidad and Tobago 0
Tunisia 1
Turkey 1
Turkmenistan 1
Tuvalu 1
Uganda 1
Ukraine 0
United Arab Emirates 0
United Kingdom 0
United States 1
Uruguay 1
Uzbekistan 0
Vanuatu 1
Vatican City 2
Venezuela 0
Vietnam 1
West Bank/Gaza 1
Yemen 0
Zambia 0
Zimbabwe 1

Source: Authors’ determination based on dataset review

Notes: the categories are as follows:

0 is for countries without functional difficulty questions

1 is for countries with functional difficulty questions

2 is for countries where no survey/census questionnaire was reviewed

(ii)Table Supporting Figure 4.1 Countries covered in this study.

Country
Georgia
North Macedonia
Mongolia
Belarus
Kyrgyz Rep.
Cuba
Turkmenistan
Palestine
Guyana
Kosovo
Dominican Rep.
Costa Rica
Zimbabwe
Iraq
Tunisia
Algeria
Tonga
Kiribati
Honduras
Suriname
Bangladesh
Lesotho
Gambia
Nepal
Democratic Rep. of Congo
Ghana
Sao Tome and Principe
Sierra Leone
Malawi
Central African Rep.
Madagascar
Guinea Bissau
Togo
Chad

(iii)Table supporting Figure 4.2: Among those with any functional difficulties, share with difficulty by domain (%)

Seeing Hearing Walking Cognition Selfcare Communication
51 12 38 7 5 7

(iv) Table supporting Figure 5.1 Cross-country estimates for education among women (%)

Education No

Difficulty

 Some

difficulty

 At least a

lot of difficulty
Ever attended school 85.4 81.3 76.1
Less than primary school completion 27.3 34.6 43.5
Completed primary school 36.4 35.4 34.4
Completed secondary school or higher 35.9 29.7 21.8
Literacy rate 68.3 61.6 52.8

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data for 34 countries

(v) Table supporting Figure 5.2 Women who have completed secondary school or higher (%)

Country No difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot
Georgia 88 86 80
North Macedonia 85 59 23
Mongolia 84 80 63
Belarus 82 75 76
Kyrgyz Rep. 81 72 52
Cuba 78 71 58
Turkmenistan 76 80 53
Palestine 75 60 45
Guyana 70 64 44
Kosovo 69 48 23
Dominican Rep. 68 60 44
Costa Rica 61 51 35
Zimbabwe 55 49 43
Iraq 50 42 30
Tunisia 47 39 24
Algeria 46 37 25
Tonga 44 40 21
Kiribati 43 35 20
Honduras 37 35 22
Suriname 34 25 20
Bangladesh 33 22 17
Lesotho 33 32 28
Gambia 31 32 21
Nepal 27 17 13
Democratic Rep. of Congo 24 26 17
Ghana 24 18 9
Sao Tome and Principe 22 22 21
Sierra Leone 15 14 9
Malawi 13 12 11
Central African Rep. 13 11 6
Madagascar 11 11 7
Guinea Bissau 9 16 9
Togo 8 7 4
Chad 3 3 2

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

(vi) Table supporting Figure 6.1 Cross-country estimates for personal activities among women (%)

Personal activities No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Read a newspaper or magazine, listen to the radio, and watch television 66.8 65.9 60
Used a computer during the last 3 months 17 15.2 9.9
Used the internet during the last 3 months 24.1 21.8 16.4
Owns a mobile phone 69.4 67.7 59.9

(vii) Table Supporting Figure 6.2: Internet Use Among Women (%)

Country No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Chad 1 1 1
Central African Rep. 3 3 2
Democratic Rep. of Congo 7 10 7
Madagascar 7 7 4
Sierra Leone 7 9 2
Malawi 7 7 8
Guinea Bissau 10 17 12
Bangladesh 15 9 7
Togo 15 17 13
Ghana 16 13 9
Zimbabwe 29 29 20
Cuba 30 19 22
Algeria 37 37 26
Nepal 41 39 31
Iraq 42 42 31
Tunisia 43 40 29
Gambia 44 50 33
Sao Tome and Principe 46 48 31
Lesotho 47 51 40
Kiribati 49 43 37
Turkmenistan 60 45 30
Guyana 65 65 44
Mongolia 73 67 45
Kyrgyz Rep. 78 75 60
Suriname 79 76 58
Palestine 87 79 73
Dominican Rep. 88 87 79

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

(viii) Table supporting Figure 7.1: Cross-country estimates for health indicators among women (%)

Health No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Safely managed drinking water 82.2 82.3 81.6
Safely managed sanitation services 60.2 61.2 59.6
Family planning needs met 46.5 43.0 39.1
Did not participate in activities due to menstruation 17.6 19.0 23.2
Think husband is justified to hit wife 30.7 36.6 38.3
Heard of HIV 77.0 74.5 67.2
Identified three means of HIV mother-to-child transmission 54.4 52.1 54.1
Ever tested for HIV 36.0 37.4 34.3

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

(ix) Table supporting Figure 8.1: Cross-country estimates for standard of living indicators for women
(%)

Standard of living No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Electricity 74.2 74.4 70.6
Clean cooking fuel 38.8 38.2 36.0
Adequate housing 53.6 53.6 50.1
Owns assets 33.6 33.5 31.3
 Mobile phone 87.1 87.6 85.7

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

(x) Table supporting Figure 9.1: Multidimensional poverty headcounts among women (%)

CountryNo DifficultySome difficultyAt least a lot of difficulty

Turkmenistan 0 0 13
Belarus 2 5 10
North Macedonia 2 8 27
Cuba 4 6 14
Kyrgyz Rep. 4 4 12
Georgia 5 6 6
Costa Rica 6 8 14
Kosovo 7 15 27
Guyana 9 11 19
Suriname 11 14 24
Palestine 13 26 39
Tonga 13 17 27
Tunisia 15 20 33
Dominican Rep. 15 19 31
Algeria 19 22 34
Lesotho 25 24 29
Honduras 26 28 40
Mongolia 29 32 40
Iraq 36 41 53
Bangladesh 39 51 59
Ghana 44 49 57
Nepal 46 60 67
Zimbabwe 49 52 51
Kiribati 53 55 65
Sao Tome and Principe 61 56 60
Gambia 61 60 71
Togo 70 69 71
Democratic Rep. of Congo 76 70 79
Malawi 78 79 80
Sierra Leone 83 83 90
Madagascar 87 86 89
Guinea Bissau 89 85 88
Central African Rep. 91 92 94
Chad 94 95 98

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

(xi) Table supporting Figure 9.2: Human Development Index (HDI) and difference in multidimensional
poverty headcount

Country HDI value Difference
Algeria 0.7 4.6
Bangladesh 0.6 12.9
Belarus 0.8 3.2
Central African Republic 0.4 1.4
Chad 0.4 1.5
Costa Rica 0.8 3.5
Cuba 0.8 2.5
Democratic Republic of Congo 0.5 -4.4
Dominican Republic 0.8 5.6
Gambia 0.5 -0.7
Georgia 0.8 1.3
Ghana 0.6 6.9
Guinea Bissau 0.5 -3.8
Guyana 0.7 2.3
Honduras 0.6 4.3
Iraq 0.7 6.6
Kiribati 0.6 3.0
Kyrgyz Republic 0.7 1.0
Lesotho 0.5 0.3
Madagascar 0.5 0.2
Malawi 0.5 1.1
Mongolia 0.7 3.9
Montenegro 0.8 1.8
Nepal 0.6 14.6
North Macedonia 0.8 8.6
Palestine 0.7 14.6
Sao Tome and Principe 0.6 -4.2
Sierra Leone 0.5 1.0
Suriname 0.7 4.1
Togo 0.5 -0.3
Tonga 0.7 4.6
Tunisia 0.7 8.3
Turkmenistan 0.7 0.7
Zimbabwe 0.6 2.5

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

(xii) Table supporting Figure 10.1: Cross-country estimates for insecurity indicators among women (%)

Insecurity No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Covered by health insurance                                                              25.5                                26.0                                                     25.1
Receives social protection                                         21.5                     23.5                                   30.1
Feeling safe walking alone                                         76.3                     71.4                                   69.8
Felt discriminated against based on disability                                                                 1.1                                   2.3                                                        8.0
Felt discriminated against based on gender                                                                 3.8                                   7.0                                                        8.4
Felt discriminated against on any ground                                                              10.4                                17.4                                                     22.9

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data for 27 countries (discrimination), countries for walking alone, 24 countries for social protection, 26 countries for health insurance and feeling safe walking alone

(xiii) Table supporting Figure 10.2: Women feeling discriminated against based on any ground (%)

Country No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Cuba 1 3 15
Turkmenistan 2 6 11
Georgia 4 7 10
Belarus 4 7 17
Honduras 5 12 18
Kyrgyz Rep. 6 13 21
Mongolia 7 12 18
Suriname 7 15 19
Dominican Rep. 8 11 16
Bangladesh 8 12 15
Kosovo 9 13 21
Guyana 9 17 25
Iraq 10 15 20
North Macedonia 11 14 26
Tunisia 11 19 29
Lesotho 12 22 26
Chad 13 23 28
Zimbabwe 14 27 31
Madagascar 14 24 30
Costa Rica 15 24 30
Tonga 16 36 41
Malawi 16 27 32
Democratic Rep. of Congo 16 31 41
Kiribati 16 30 37
Palestine 18 29 32
Central African Rep. 26 40 51

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

(xiv) Table supporting Figure 11.1: Cross-country estimates for happiness and optimism among women
(%)

Subjective wellbeing No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Very or somewhat happy                    73.8                         66.5                                            55.5
Perception of a better life                    49.5                         42.4                                            35.5

(xv) Table supporting Figure 11.2: Cross-country estimates for mean life satisfaction ladder (0
to
10)

Subjective wellbeing No difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Mean life satisfaction ladder                      5.9                           5.6                                              5.2
Country No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Zimbabwe 5.3 4.7 4.2
Central African Rep. 5.4 5.2 5.3
Democratic Rep. of Congo 5.4 5.1 4.4
Malawi 5.5 5.0 5.3
Sierra Leone 5.6 5.4 4.4
Chad 5.7 5.5 5.5
Togo 5.7 5.4 5.2
Bangladesh 5.8 5.5 5.2
Ghana 5.9 5.5 5.2
Gambia 5.9 5.6 5.2
Lesotho 6.0 5.6 5.2
Algeria 6.1 5.8 5.5
Iraq 6.1 5.9 5.3
Sao Tome and Principe 6.5 6.4 5.9
Nepal 6.7 6.4 5.7
Palestine 6.9 6.1 5.7
Guinea Bissau 6.9 6.7 6.7
Mongolia 7.0 6.6 6.3
Belarus 7.2 6.8 5.4
Georgia 7.2 6.8 5.9
Kiribati 7.5 7.1 7.4
Suriname 7.6 7.3 6.5
North Macedonia 7.9 7.2 5.2
Costa Rica 8.3 8.0 7.5
Tonga 8.7 8.5 7.6

(xvi) Table supporting Figure 11.2: Mean score on the life satisfaction ladder among women (0 to 10
scale)

Country No Difficulty Some difficulty At least a lot of difficulty
Zimbabwe 5.3 4.7 4.2
Central African Rep. 5.4 5.2 5.3
Democratic Rep. of Congo 5.4 5.1 4.4
Malawi 5.5 5.0 5.3
Sierra Leone 5.6 5.4 4.4
Chad 5.7 5.5 5.5
Togo 5.7 5.4 5.2
Bangladesh 5.8 5.5 5.2
Ghana 5.9 5.5 5.2
Gambia 5.9 5.6 5.2
Lesotho 6.0 5.6 5.2
Algeria 6.1 5.8 5.5
Iraq 6.1 5.9 5.3
Sao Tome and Principe 6.5 6.4 5.9
Nepal 6.7 6.4 5.7
Palestine 6.9 6.1 5.7
Guinea Bissau 6.9 6.7 6.7
Mongolia 7.0 6.6 6.3
Belarus 7.2 6.8 5.4
Georgia 7.2 6.8 5.9
Kiribati 7.5 7.1 7.4
Suriname 7.6 7.3 6.5
North Macedonia 7.9 7.2 5.2
Costa Rica 8.3 8.0 7.5
Tonga 8.7 8.5 7.6

Source: Authors’ calculations based on MICS6 data

Appendix 2:

Appendix 2.1: Comparison of households in Ethiopia’s HFPS-HH (2020) and ESS 2018/19 samples by functional difficulty status

Variable/Sample All households  (2020) No Difficulty (2020) Some difficulty (2020) At least a lot of difficulty (2020) All households  (2018/19) No Difficulty (2018/19) Some difficulty (2018/19) At least a lot of difficulty (2018/19)
Household with any functional difficulty 0.235 0 1 1 0.287 0 1 1
(0.01) (0.01)
Households with some difficulty 0.15 0 1 0 0.186 0 1 0
(0.01) (0.01)
Households with  at least a lot of difficulty 0.085 0 0 1 0.1 0 0 1
(0.01) (0.00)
Age of the HH head 41.52 38.83 48.6 53.31 42.89 39.41 51.51 51.55
(0.29) (0.29) (0.75) (1.28) (0.19) (0.19) (0.47) (0.67)
HH head is married 0.74 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.74 0.75 0.73 0.72
(0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (0.03) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02)
HH head has had no schooling 0.46 0.43 0.59 0.56 0.51 0.45 0.66 0.64
(0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (0.04) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02)
HH head is male 0.75 0.77 0.70 0.69 0.74 0.75 0.70 0.72
(0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (0.03) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02)
HH size 4.97 4.91 5.23 5.12 4.68 4.53 4.90 5.36
(0.05) (0.05) (0.13) (0.18) (0.03) (0.03) (0.07) (0.10)
Share of members under age 15 0.37 0.40 0.31 0.29 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.33
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01) (0.01)
Share of members over age 64 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.13
0.00 0.00 (0.01) (0.01) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01) (0.01)
Urban 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.35 0.33 0.36 0.23 0.25
(0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (0.03) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02)
HH has electricity 0.43 0.435 0.4 0.44 0.378 0.413 0.289 0.302
(0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (0.04) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02)
HH uses clean fuel 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.06
(0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.02) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01) (0.01)
HH has adequate housing 0.14 0.13 0.18 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.13
(0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.03) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01) (0.01)
HH is food insecure 0.20 0.18 0.23 0.26 0.21 0.18 0.27 0.31
(0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.03) (0.00) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02)
HH owns mobile phone 0.696 0.732 0.587 0.563 0.476 0.528 0.337 0.366
(0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (0.04) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.02)
Observations 2,390 1,875 321 194 6,758 4,999 1,127 632

Notes: Standard errors are in parentheses. Estimates are weighted. For the HFPS-HH sample merged with ESS 2018/19, weights are from HFPS-HH round 2. For the 2018/19 ESS sample, we use weights from 2018/19 ESS.
Electricity variable is based on cooking and lighting, so it is only a proxy for electricity.
Adequate housing based on high wall quality: Stone, Stone and mud/cement, Blocks plastered/unplastered, Bricks, Mud Bricks, Steel, Corrugated iron sheet. ‘-‘ stands for not available.
Food Insecurity based on whether respondent reported yes to “did you worry that your household would not have enough food in last seven days?”

Appendix 2.2: Countries in the microdata analysis

Country Life expectancy at birth (years) GNI per capita HDI Rank CRPD ratification year
Algeria 76.9 11,174 91 2009
Bangladesh 72.6 4,976 133 2007
Belarus 74.8 18,546 53 2016
Central African Rep. 53.3 993 188 2016
Chad 54.2 1,555 187 2019
Costa Rica 80.3 18,486 62 2008
Cuba 78.8 8,621 70 2007
Democratic Rep. of Congo 60.7 1,063 175 2015
Dominican Rep. 74.1 17,591 88 2009
Gambia 62.1 2,168 172 2015
Georgia 73.8 14,429 61 2014
Ghana 64.1 5,269 138 2012
Guinea Bissau 58.3 1,996 175 2014
Guyana 69.9 9,455 122 2014
Honduras 75.3 5,308 132 2008
Iraq 70.6 10,801 123 2013
Kiribati 68.4 4,260 134 2013
Kosovo N/A N/A N/A
Kyrgyz Rep. 71.5 4,864 120 2019
Lesotho 54.3 3,151 165 2008
Madagascar 67 1,596 164 2015
Malawi 64.3 1,035 174 2009
Mongolia 69.9 10,839 99 2009
Montenegro 76.9 21,399 48 2009
Nepal 70.8 3,457 142 2010
North Macedonia 75.8 15,865 82
Palestine 74.1 6,417 115
Sao Tome and Principe 70.4 3,952 135 2015
Sierra Leone 54.7 1,668 182 2010
Suriname 71.7 14,324 97 2017
Togo 61 1,602 167 2011
Tonga 70.9 6,365 104 Signed in 2007
Tunisia 76.7 10,414 95 2008
Turkmenistan 68.2 14,909 111 2008
Zimbabwe 61.5 2,666 150 2013

Notes: N/A stands for not available. CRPD stands for the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; GNI is the Gross National Income per capita in constant 2017 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms; HDI stands for the Human Development Index.

Sources: UNDP (2020), OHCHR (2021b), World Bank (2021)

Appendix 2.3: Descriptive statistics

Country  Sample Size Age (Mean) Age 18-29 (%) Age 30-44 (%) Rural (%)
Algeria                32,044 33 39 48 36
Bangladesh                57,608 31 44 45 76
Belarus                  5,270 36 25 56 21
Central African Rep.                  8,109 30 53 39 63
Chad                19,280 30 53 40 80
Costarica                  6,899 33 41 45 26
Cuba                  8,399 35 32 47 35
Democratic Rep. of Congo                18,978 30 51 42 52
Dominican Rep.                20,021 32 45 43 23
Gambia                11,780 30 53 41 28
Georgia                  6,446 34 33 52 36
Ghana                12,516 32 43 46 49
Guinea Bissau                  9,601 30 54 39 60
Guyana                  5,284 32 46 40 75
Honduras                17,119 32 47 43 51
Iraq                26,741 31 47 43 30
Kiribati                  3,805 31 48 42 41
Kosovo                  4,743 33 41 43 57
Kyrgyz Rep.                  5,164 33 40 46 60
Lesotho                  5,630 31 48 43 51
Madagascar                14,868 30 51 39 74
Malawi                21,114 30 52 41 82
Mongolia                  9,872 34 33 52 30
Montenegro                  2,106 34 33 51 31
Nepal                13,317 31 46 43 30
North Macedonia                  2,966 34 34 48 37
Palestine                  9,783 31 51 40 22
Sao Tome and Principe                  2,635 31 45 46 32
Sierra Leone                15,645 30 53 40 51
Suriname                  6,247 33 41 45 24
Togo                  6,408 31 45 45 53
Tonga                  2,487 32 45 43 76
Tunisia                  9,784 33 36 50 31
Turkmenistan                  6,969 32 44 46 56
Zimbabwe                  8,889 31 45 46 60

Appendix 2.4: Among those with any functional difficulties, share with difficulty by domain (%)

Country Seeing Hearing Walking Cognition Selfcare Communication
Algeria 44 9 52 48 7 8
Bangladesh 58 12 39 43 6 3
Belarus 50 7 41 41 6 5
Central African Rep. 43 20 40 60 6 15
Chad 36 19 56 40 11 18
Costa Rica 51 12 19 64 3 13
Cuba 75 12 15 26 6 9
Democratic Rep. of Congo 43 14 37 49 4 10
Dominican Rep. 60 12 26 40 4 13
Gambia 35 8 30 52 2 7
Georgia 45 7 36 60 3 3
Ghana 42 13 42 51 3 5
Guinea Bissau 53 9 33 34 5 7
Guyana 51 13 19 57 6 21
Honduras 55 13 24 59 5 13
Iraq 48 11 45 54 7 6
Kiribati 36 26 36 52 4 8
Kosovo 48 11 42 48 4 8
Kyrgyz Rep. 32 8 43 63 5 6
Lesotho 62 17 14 35 3 4
Madagascar 41 12 19 72 5 9
Malawi 42 17 27 47 5 8
Mongolia 57 20 33 47 6 5
Montenegro 45 8 38 41 4 7
Nepal 55 16 30 36 9 6
North Macedonia 42 9 50 47 5 8
Palestine 52 13 38 39 3 4
Sao Tome and Principe 61 14 20 48 3 13
Sierra Leone 33 13 41 38 11 21
Suriname 50 9 29 45 3 15
Togo 54 11 39 46 4 5
Tonga 35 9 45 41 7 8
Tunisia 43 11 52 63 9 5
Turkmenistan 45 4 42 51 8 3
Zimbabwe 46 14 29 43 3 7
Cross-country estimates 51 12 38 47 6 7

Appendix 2.5: Glasses and hearing aid use among those with seeing and hearing difficulties respectively (%)

Country Uses glasses Uses hearing aids
Algeria 32.43 4.34
Bangladesh 18.80 2.04
Belarus 35.91 5.09
Central African Rep. 3.69 2.74
Chad 6.82 6.18
Costa Rica 45.15 2.14
Cuba 59.07 1.99
Democratic Rep. of Congo 7.83 1.23
Dominican Rep. 34.57 1.95
Gambia 12.50 2.05
Georgia 26.75 0.46
Ghana 8.05 0.46
Guinea Bissau 9.98 1.42
Guyana 42.12 2.65
Honduras 20.83 1.81
Iraq 20.60 4.28
Kiribati 20.62 2.46
Kosovo 12.24 1.11
Kyrgyz Rep. 26.22 1.57
Lesotho 18.82 1.84
Madagascar 12.77 0.78
Malawi 5.97 1.58
Mongolia 27.04 5.25
Montenegro 35.29 1.12
Nepal 21.67 2.42
North Macedonia 22.20 2.86
Palestine 25.40 5.69
Sao Tome and Principe 16.58 6.46
Sierra Leone 7.73 4.30
Suriname 41.68 1.08
Togo 7.34 3.08
Tonga 33.19 6.86
Tunisia 27.89 2.13
Turkmenistan 15.78 1.97
Zimbabwe 6.94 0.65
Cross-country estimates 19.02 2.38

Appendix 3:
Method briefs can be found at: (2022 method briefs )

Appendix 4:
Country briefs can be found at: (2022 country briefs)